| Publications |
DICON and Infection Control Related Publications
Referred Journals
Abramson MA, Sexton DJ. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus primary bacteremia: at what costs? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:408-411. 

Kirkland KB, Briggs JP, Trivette SL, Wilkinson WE, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization and extra costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiology. 1999;20:725-30. 

Whitehouse JD, Sexton DJ, Kirkland KB. Infection control: past, present and future issues. Comprehensive Therapy. 1998;24:71-7.
Wilson SJ, Everts RJ, Kirkland KB, Sexton DJ. A pseudo-outbreak of aureobasidium lower respiratory tract infections caused by reuse of “single use” stopcocks during bronchoscopy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:470-472. 

Petti CA, Sanders LL, Trivette SL, Briggs J, Sexton DJ. Postoperative bacteremia secondary to surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2002:34:305-308. 

Whitehouse JD, Friedman ND, Kirkland KB, Richardson WJ, Sexton DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections following orthopedic surgery at a community hospital and a university hospital: adverse quality of life, excess length of stay, and extra cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23:183-189. 

Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, McGarry SA, Trivette SL, Briggs JP, Lamm W, Clark C, MacFarquhar J, Walton AL, Reller LB, Sexton DJ. Healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. Ann Int Med. 2002;137:791-797. 

Engemann JJ, Carmeli Y, Cosgrove SE, Fowler VG, Bronstein MZ, Trivette SL, Briggs JP, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:592-598. 

McGirt MJ, Zaas A, Fuchs HE, George TM, Kaye K, Sexton DJ. Risk factors for pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection and predictors of infectious pathogens. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:858-862. 

Wilson SJ, Sexton DJ. Elevated preoperative fasting serum glucose levels increase the risk of postoperative mediastinitis in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:776-778. 

Anderson DJ, Murdoch DR, Sexton DJ, Reller LB, Stout JE, Cabell CH, Corey GR. Risk factors for infective endocarditis in patients with enterococcal bacteremia: a case-control study. Infection. 2004;32:72-71. 

Dodds Ashley ES, Carrol DN, Engemann JJ, Harris AD, Fowler VG Jr, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for postoperative mediastinitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1555-60. 

McGarry SA, Engemann JJ, Schmader K, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Surgical-site infection due to Staphylococcus aureus among elderly patients: mortality, duration of hospitalization, and cost. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25:
Kaye KS, Schmader KE, Sawyer R. Surgical site infection in the elderly population. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2004;39:1835-1841. 

McDonald JR, Friedman ND, Stout JE, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for ineffective therapy in patients with bloodstream infections. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:308-313. 

Kaye KS, Schmit K, Pieper C, Sloan R, Caughlin KF, Sexton DJ, Schmader KE. The effect of increasing age on the risk for surgical site infection. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191:1056-1-62. 

Kaye KS, Engemann JJ, Fulmer EM, Clark CC, Noga EM, Sexton DJ. Favorable impact of an infection control network on nosocomial infections rates in community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27:228-32. 

Kaye KS, Sloan R, Sexton DJ, Schmader KA. Risk factors for surgical site infections in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006; 54:391-6. 

Karra R, McDermott L, Connelly S, Smith P, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for 1-year mortality after postoperative mediastinitis. J Thor Cardiovas Surg. 2006:1332: 537-43. 

Lee J, Singletary R, Schmader K, Anderson DJ, Bolognesi D, Kaye KS. Surgical site infection in the elderly following orthopaedic surgery. Risk factors and outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg. Am. 88:1705-1712, 2006. 

McDonald JR, Carriker CM, Pien BC, Trinh JV, Engemann JJ, Harrell LJ, Oden MA, Tanaka DT, Goldber RN, Sexton DJ,
Kaye KS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak in an intensive care nursery (ICN): potential for multi-institutional spread. Ped Infect Dis J. 2007:26;678-83. 

Anderson DJ, Kirkland KB, Kaye KS, Thacker PAII, Kanafani ZA, Auten G, Sexton DJ. Underresourced hospital infection control and prevention programs: penny wise, pound foolish? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:767-773. 

Friedman ND, Sexton DJ, Connelly SM, Kaye KS. Risk factors for surgical site infection complicating laminectomy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28: 1060-5. 

Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Kanafani ZA, Auten G, Kaye KS. Severe surgical site infection in community hospitals: epidemiology, key procedures, and the changing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007: 28:1047-53. 

Anderson DJ, Kaye KS. Skin and soft tissue infections in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2007;23(3): 595-613. 

Anderson DJ, Richet H, Chen LF, Spelman DW, Hung Y-J, Huang AT, Sexton DJ, Raoult D. Seasonal variation in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection on 4 continents. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:752-6. 

Anderson DJ, Hartwig MG, Pappas P, Sexton DJ, Kanafani ZA, Auten G, Kaye KS. Surgical volume and the risk of surgical site infection in community hospitals: size matters. Ann Surg. 2008:247:343-9. 

Kaye KS, Anderson DJ, Choi Y, Link K, Thacker P, Sexton DJ. The deadly toll of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in community hospitals. Clin Infect Dis. 2008:46:1568-77. 

Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals: time for a culture change. Med J Aust. 2008;188(1):62-63.
Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Hartwig MG, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Surgical site infections after laparoscopic and open holecystectomies in community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(1):92-94. 

Conference Abstracts and Presentations
Weinstein JW, Roe M, Townes M, Sanders L, Thorpe J, Corey GR, Sexton DJ. Resistant enterococci: prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with colonization. 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Orlando, Florida, October 4-7, 1994. 

Abramson MA, Bronstein M, Odon M, Sexton DJ. Rhinocladiella atrovirens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa pseudoepidemic related to improperly disinfected bronchoscopes. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, San Francisco, CA, September 16, 1995.
Sexton DJ. Business aspects of infection control. Presented at the 38th Annual IDSA Meeting New Orleans. LA, September 7-10, 2000.
Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Murdoch DR, Stout JE, Cabell CH, Reller LB, Corey GR. Risk factors for infective endocarditis in patients with enterococcal bacteremia: a case-control study. Presented at the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada, September 17-20, 2000.
Kaye KS, Fulmer E, Sexton DJ. The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in North Carolina community hospitals: A prospective study from the Duke Infection Control Network. Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society, San Francisco, CA, Oct 25-28, 2001.
Wilson SJ, Muhlbaier LH, Milano CA, Smith PK, Sexton DJ. A modified risk index predicts postoperative mediastinitis better than the Centers for Disease Control NNIS basic risk index. Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society, San Francisco, CA, Oct 25-28, 2001.
Friedman ND, McGarry S, Engemann J, Fulmer E, Clark C, Sexton D. Surgical site infections in community hospitals and the impact of MRSA; a report from the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network. Presented at 12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Health Care Epidemiology of America meeting Salt Lake City UT, April 2002.
McGarry S, Friedman N, Fulmer E, Clark C, Sexton D, Kaye K. Performance of the National Infections Surveillance Risk Index in community hospitals in the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network. Presented at 12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Health Care Epidemiology of America meeting Salt Lake City UT, April 2002.
Engemann JJ, Carmeli Y, Dodds ES, McDonald JR, Fowler VG, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Methicillin resistance and adverse outcomes among patients with Staphylococcus aureus post-postoperative mediastinitis: mortality: hospital days, and hospital charges. Presented at the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Diego, CA, September 27-30, 2002.
Carrol DN, Dodds ES, Engemann JJ, Harris AD, Fowler VG, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus post-operative mediastinitis: methicillin resistant and methicillin susceptible. Presented at the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Diego, CA, September 27-30, 2002.
KS Kaye, Fulmer EM,Engemann JJ, Clark C, Sexton DJ. Beneficial impact of the Duke Infection Control Outreach Network on Nosocomial Infection Rates at Community Hospitals. Presented at 13th Annual Meeting of The Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America Arlington, VA, April 5-8, 2003.
Engemann JJ, Oden MA, Bronstein M, Smith PK, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Aggressive gylcemic control and a change in antimicrobial prophylaxis are associated with a reduced rate of postoperative mediastinitis in an academic medical center. Presented at 13th Annual Meeting of The Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America Arlington, VA, April 5-8, 2003.
McDonald JR, Friedman ND, Stout J, Engemann JJ, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Health care-associated (HCA) status predicts ineffective therapy among patients with bloodstream infection. Presented at 14th Annual meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Philadelphia PA, April 17-20,2004.
Kaye KS, Sloan R, Caughlan K, Sexton DJ, Schmader KE. Surgical site infection increases mortality and duration of hospitalization in elderly patients. Presented at 42nd Annual Meeting of the IDSA Boston MA September 30-October3, 2004. 

Singletary, RL, Schmader, KE, Sloane, R, Caughlan, K, Kaye, KS. Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in Elderly Patients Following Orthopedic Surgery. Abstract 286, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Boston, MA, September 30-October 3, 2004. 

Kaye K, Caughlan K, Sloane RJ, Sexton DJ and Schmader KA. Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in the Elderly: A multi-center Study. Program and abstracts of the American Geriatrics Society Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV,
McDonald JR, Engemann JJ, Anderson DJ, Clark C, Boyette D, Adcock L, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Increasing burden of community-acquired pneumonia and skin infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a network of community hospitals. Presented at the 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Washington DC December 16-19, 2005.


Lee J, Schmader KE, Sloane R, Kaye KS. The impact of surgical site infection (SSI) on mortality in elderly patients following orthopedic surgery. 

Engemann JJ, Schmader KE, Sloane R, Sexton DJ, Fowler VG, Carmeli Y, Kaye KS. Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus (SA) blood stream infection (BSI) in the elderly is associated with high rates of mortality. 

Lee J, Schmader KE, Sloane R, Kaye KS. The Impact of surgical site infection (SSI) on duration of hospitalization among elderly patients following orthopedic surgery. 

Anderson DJ, Kirkland KB, Kanafani Z, Engemann JJ, Thacker P, Kaye KD, Sexton DJ. Cost of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and hospital budgets for infection control and prevention (IC): just a drop in the ocean? 

Anderson DJ, Kanafani Z, Engemann JJ, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Increasing proportion and rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surgical site infection (SSI) in a network of community hospitals. 

Anderson DJ, Kirkland KB, McDonald JR, Warren DK, Kanafani Z, Cook E, Clark C, Boyette D, Adcock LH, Engemann JJ, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Results of a survey of work duties of 56 infection control professionals (ICPs): are new guidelines needed for the staffing of infection control (IC) programs? 

Anderson DJ, Choi Y, Link K, Briggs J, Sloane R, Engemann JJ, Sexton DJ, Schmader KE. The epidemiology of nosocomial blood stream infection (BSI) in the elderly. 

Anderson DJ, Schmader KE, Sloane R, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors and outcomes of health-care associated blood stream infections (HA-BSI) in elderly patients: a case-control study. 

Anderson DJ, kaye KS, Kanafani ZA, Sexton DJ. Size of community hospitals and the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). 

Anderson DJ, Varkey J, Sexton DJ, Schmader K, Choi Y, Link K, Sloane R, Carmeli Y, Kaye KS. Predictors of poor patient outcomes in healthcare-associated (HCA) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection (BSI). 

Varkey J, Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Schmader KE, Choi Y, Link K, Sloane R, Kaye KS. Epidemiology and outcomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a large multi-center cohort of community hospitals. 

Anderson DJ, Varkey JB, Schmader KE, Choi Y, Sloane R, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Gram negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSI) lead to poor outcomes in older adults. 

McDonald JR, Olaison L, Anderson DJ, Hoen B, Miro JM, Eykyn S, Abrutyn E, Fowler VG, Habib G, Deco-Lecompte T, Pappas P, Cabell CH, Corey GR, Marco F, Sexton DJ. Enterococcal native valve endocarditis (NVE): Report of 107 cases from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis merged database. Presented at the 45th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, December 16-19, 2005.
McDermott LA, Engemann JJ, McGarry SA, Caughlan K, Smith PK, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for one-year mortality among patients with post-operative mediastinitis (POM). Presented at the 45th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, December 16-19, 2005.
McDonald JR, Trinh JV, Carriker CM, Engemann JJ, Oden MA, Harrell LJ, Tanaka DT, Goldberg RN, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Inter-hospital transfer as a vehicle for spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between nurseries. Presented at the 45th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington, DC, December 16-19, 2005.
Anderson DJ, Kaye KS, Dodds EE, Shimpi R,, Kanafani ZA, Engemann JJ, Sexton DJ. Automated surveillance for bloodstream infection (BSI) following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Presented at the 46th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA September 27-30, 2006. 

Collins D, Anderson DA, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Age-related variability in the prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, 2000-2005. Presented at the 46th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA September 27-30, 2006. 

Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Richet H. Spelman D, Sexton DJ, Raoult D. Seasonality of Klebsiella pneumoniae bactermia in three continents. Abstract # 997. In: 45th Annual Meeting of the infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), 2007, San Diego, CA, USA. 

Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Validating a new predictive instrument for surgical site infections (SSIs) allowing cardiac bypass surgery (CABG). Abstract # 808. In: 45th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), 2007, San Diego, CA, USA. 

Anderson DJ, Varkey JB, Chen LF, Schmader KA, Choi Y, Link K, Sloane R, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Quantifying clinical and fiscal outcomes in elderly patients with surgical site infections (SSI): a multi-center study. Abstract # 562. In: 45th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), 2007, San Diego, CA, USA. 

Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS, Anderson DJ. What denominator should be used to calculate rate of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens? A call for a standard denominator. Presented at the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America annual meeting, Orlando, FL April 5-8, 2008. 

Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Schmader KE, Choi Y, Sloane R, Kaye KS. Risk factors for surgical site infections due to methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A multi-center study. Presented at the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America annual meeting, Orlando, FL April 5-8, 2008.


Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS, Anderson DJ. Rates of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens in a network of community hospitals. Presented at the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America annual meeting, Orlando, FL April 5-8, 2008.
Request copy by email
Request copy by email Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS, Anderson DJ. Gram-negative surgical site infections in community healthcare settings. Presented at the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America annual meeting, Orlando, FL April 5-8, 2008. 

Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. The NNIS risk index is a valid method for risk adjustment of invasive surgical site infections. Presented at the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America annual meeting, Orlando, FL April 5-8, 2008.


Herzke C, Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Choi Y, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Empiric antimicrobial therapy for bloodstream infection (BI) due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): no better than a coin toss? Abstract # 325. In: Society of Healthcare Epidemiology of America. 

Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Schmader KE, Choi Y, Sloane R, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk Factors for Bloodstream Infections in Older Hospitalized Patients: A Multi-Center Study. Abstract # 448731. American Geriatric Society (AGS) 2008 Annual Scientific Meeting, May 1st, 2008, Washington DC, USA.
Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Schmader KE, Choi Y, Sloane R, Sexton DJ, Kaye KS. Risk factors for bloodstream infections in older hospitalized patients: a multi-center study. Research on Aging Showcase, The Johns Hopkins Center for Aging and Health and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Gerontology Interest Group, May 9, 2008, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Request copy by Email
Request copy by Email Carriker C, Oden M, Anderson DJ, Varkey JB, Chen LF, Kaye KS. There’s a fungus among us! How the smallest aspects of the environment have a major impact on the susceptible patient. Abstract # 15-150. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) 2008 Annual Conference June 15-19, 2008, Denver, CO, USA. 

Vereen S, Oden M, Sharpe M, Chen LF, Kaye KS. A pseudomonas outbreak on the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Abstract # 10-99. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) 2008 Annual Conference June 15-19, 2008, Denver, CO, USA. 

Clark C, Adcock L, Chen LF, Boyette D, Cook E, Cromer AL, Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. Survey of thirty-nine community hospitals to assess influenza vaccination successes, strategies, and barriers. Abstract # 8-64. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) 2008 Annual Conference June 15-19, 2008, Denver, CO, USA.
Request copy by Email
Request copy by EmailInvited Editorials
Sexton DJ. Infection control, seat belts and the national debt. (editorial). NC Med J. 1991;52:250-252.
Sexton DJ. Carbapenems for surgical prophylaxis? (editorial). N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2693-5.
Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. Infection control and hospital epidemiology. A growth opportunity in medicine. (editorial). Infect Dis Clin Practice. 2007;15: 113-5. 

Letters
Kirkland KB, Weinstein JM. Adverse effects of contact isolation. Lancet. 1999:354:1777-8.
McDonald JR, Engemann JJ, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Co-infection or co-colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in network of community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25:622.
Anderson DJ, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after isolation from urine. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42: 1504-5. 

Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals: time for a culture change. Med J Aust. 2008;188:62-3. 

Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Hartwig MG, Kaye KS, Sexton DJ. Surgical site infections after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies in community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:92-4.